ロシア極東沿海州のカンブリア紀ハンカオフィオライトの地質と岩石:特にマンガンに富むクロムスピネルについて
セルゲイ A シェカ・石渡 明・アレクサンダー A ヴルジョセク
地球科学,55,265〜274.
中朝地塊北東端のハンカ湖南東方には,蛇紋岩,滑石マグネサイト岩,単斜輝石岩,斑れい岩,輝緑岩,そして玄武岩などのオフィオライト岩類が,カンブリア紀前期の石灰岩中に西北西方向に定置され,カンブリア紀中期の礫岩によって不整合に覆われている.この礫岩から分離した重鉱物はクロムスピネル粒子に富み,それは下位のオフィオライト超苦鉄質岩中のものに化学組成が類似する.礫岩と超苦鉄質岩中の新鮮なクロムスピネル粒子のほとんどはクロム含有量が中程度(Cr#=0.4-0.7)でマグネシウムに富み(Mg#=0.5-0.6),TiとFe3+に乏しく,共に原岩がハルツバージャイトだったことを示す.しかし,一部のスピネル及びそのフェリットクロマイトの縁や脈は異常にマンガンに富み(〜MnO=19 wt.%),礫岩堆積以前の交代作用を示す.玄武岩類は海嶺玄武岩に類似した化学組成を示す.これらのデータは,ハンカオフィオライトが,シホテアリンの環太平洋型付加体の発達に先立って,カンブリア紀の大陸縁リフト帯で形成されたことを示唆する.
Geology and petrology of Cambrian Khanka ophiolite in Primorye (Far East Russia) with notes on its manganese-rich chromian spinel
Sergei A Shcheka, Akira Ishiwatari and Alexander A Vrzhosek
Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku), 55, 265-274.
Abstract In the northeastern part of the Sino-Korean platform to the southeast of the Khanka Lake, ophiolitic rocks such as serpentinite, talc-magnesite rock, clinopyroxenite, gabbro, diabase and basalt were emplaced into the early Cambrian limestone in a WNW direction, and were unconformably covered by the middle Cambrian conglomerate. Heavy mineral fraction from the conglomerate is rich in chromian spinel grains, which chemically resemble those in the underlying ophiolitic ultramafic rocks. Most of the fresh chromian spinel grains in the ultramafic rocks and conglomerates are moderately chromian (Cr#=0.4-0.7), highly magnesian (Mg#=0.5-0.6) and poor in Ti and Fe3+, indicating common harzburgite protolith. However, some chromian spinel grains and their ferritchromit rims and veins are unusually rich in manganese (up to 19 wt.% MnO), indicating metasomatism before the conglomerate sedimentation. The basaltic rocks show MORB-like chemistry. These data suggests that the Khanka ophiolite formed at a rift zone in the Cambrian continental margin, prior to the development of the circum-Pacific accretionary complexes in Sikhote-Alin.
日本海地域の先第三紀テクトニクス:ロシア側からの展望
A.I.ハンチューク(Александр Иванович Ханчук)
地球科学,55,275〜291.
この総説では,日本海地域の地質構造と地質発達史について,最近得られたデータに基づき,独自の広域的なプレート構造論的モデルを提供する.添付したいくつかのジュラ・白亜紀古地理復元図が,この地域の発達史に関する著者の地球動力学的モデルを表現している.このモデルは,カリフォルニア型のトランスフォーム大陸縁が中生代〜新生代の東アジアにおける最も重要な地球動力学的構造場であったとする点で,従来のモデルと明瞭に異なる.著者のモデルによって先新第三紀における日本列島の位置を地質学的に復元すると,中央シホテアリン断層・棚倉構造線・中央構造線は,白亜紀前期には1本の構造線であったと考えられる.白亜紀前期と古第三紀におけるトランスフォーム型大陸縁に加えて,ジュラ紀と白亜紀後期の沈み込み型大陸縁および白亜紀前期の島弧も認識されるが,シホテアリンの地質図に見られる巨大なS字構造は,白亜紀前期の横ずれ変位の結果と考えられる.さらに,一部の白亜紀前期・古第三紀火成岩類の性質は,特殊な動力学的構造場,即ち「スラブ・ウィンドウ」の存在を示すと考えられる.
Pre-Neogene tectonics of the Sea-of-Japan region : View from the Russian side
Alexander I Khanchuk
Earth Science (Chikyu Kagaku), 55, 275-291.
Abstract This is a review paper presenting an original regional plate-tectonic model based on the data recently obtained on the geological structure and history of the Sea-of-Japan region. Several paleogeographic schemes for the Jurassic-Cretaceous time represent the authorユs geodynamic model for the development of this region. This model is clearly distinctive from the previous ones by postulating that the Californian-type transform margin has been one of the most significant geodynamic settings in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic East Asia. The authorユs paleogeodynamic model includes a geologic reconstruction of the pre-Neogene position of the Japanese Islands according to which the Central Sikhote-Alin, Tanakura and Median faults were parts of a single Early Cretaceous tectonic line. In addition, Early Cretaceous and Paleogene transform plate boundaries, Jurassic and Late Cretaceous supra-subduction continental margins, and Early Cretaceous island arc are recognized. The Early Cretaceous strike-slip movements likely resulted in a gigantic S-form structure of Sikhote Alin. Some Early Cretaceous and Paleogene magmatic rocks are recognized to indicate specific geodynamic structures, namely "slab windows".
日本列島及びシホテアリン南部におけるジュラ紀中期〜白亜紀最前期の砂岩の比較
楠 利夫・武蔵野 実
地球科学,55,293-306.
日本列島とシホテアリン南部に分布する,ジュラ紀中世後期〜白亜紀最前期の付加体と汽水〜浅海成の各砂岩について,今回採取した試料と過去に公表されたデータに基づいてモード組成と化学組成を再検討した.その結果,領石タイプの植物群(高温・乾燥環境)を産出する南部北上・阿武隈帯の砂岩は,オーソコーツァイトを含むような石英質砂岩から石英長石質砂岩が多く,安定大陸内部から大陸縁辺を起源とする.また,この砂岩は,西南日本内帯,北部北上の安家-田野畑帯,渡島帯,シホテアリン東部のTaukha terraneに分布する付加体砂岩と類似性が認められる.一方,手取植物群(温暖・適湿環境)を産出する飛騨帯・飛騨外縁帯の砂岩はアルコース砂岩で代表されるような石英長石質砂岩で,活動的な大陸縁辺の砂岩である.また,この砂岩は,西南日本外帯およびシホテアリン西部のSamarka terrane の付加体の砂岩に類似性が認められる.付加体砂岩と汽水〜浅海成の各砂岩にはおよその対応関係が認められ,砂岩のモード組成や化学組成が日本海拡大前の古地理復元に重要であることが明らかとなった.
Comparison of the Middle Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous sandstones from the Japanese Islands and South Sikhote-Alin
Toshio Kusunoki and Makoto Musashino
Earth Schience (Chikyu Kagaku), 55, 293-306.
Abstract The authors examined and reviewed the sandstone composition of the late Middle Jurassic to the earliest Cretaceous in the Far East. Accretionary complex sandstones in Japan and in south Sikhote-Alin are divided into two units respectively. Brackish and shallow-marine sandstones in Japan mainly are divided into two floral regions. Using published data examined mostly by the traditional point-counting counting method, Q-F-R and Q-P-K diagrams of the traditional method were superposed on to Qm-F-Lt and Qm-P-K diagrams of the Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting method. As it turned out, tectonic provenance of sandstone assigned by geochemical data is consistent with that expected from its modal composition.
Accretionary complex sandstone of this age in Japan is quartz-feldspathic sandstone as a whole. Sandstone of the Inner Zone is a little quartzose and sandstone of the Outer Zone is more feldspathic, although the difference of composition is not so distinctive.
As for the brackish to shallow-marine sandstones in Japan, the sandstone from the South Kitakami and Abukuma belts (SKA) is quartzose, and that from the Tetori Group in the Hida and Hida Marginal belts (HHM) is feldspathic. The compositional features of the former are similar to those of the Inner Zone, and those of the later are similar to those of the Outer Zone. Tectonic provenance of the HHM is continental margin, but it might be more active than the source land of the other units.